Shebna is a proud and faithless hypocrite who oversteps, and his throne and key are taken and given to Eliakim. Eliakims authority persists for a time, but after the Babylonian exile and the Second Temple Period, the seat of authority is found in the Pharisees and the Sanhedrin. They can be compared to the vessels of Eliakims house, which hang on the peg of Eliakim until they give way. These are burdensome vessels, just as the Pharisees burden everyone around them. They focus on ritual purity while ignoring moral precepts and so are clean on the outside, but unclean on the inside. Faithlessly, they feast at banquets, and prepare their tombs. In this, they return to Shebnas sin, and the sin of Israel found in Isaiah 22. So, the house of the Pharisees will also fail, according to Jesuss prophesy, and it will become desolate, just as Shebna is sent into exile, and even Eliakims house is predicted to be cut down by the falling cups and jars. However, it is replaced by Christs everlasting kingdom, where Peter is given the keys and seat of authority.In Matthew 23:2, the Pharisees sit on the seat of Moses (cf. Isaiah 22:23, where Eliakim sits on the throne of his fathers house). The Pharisees are described as unclean vessels who lay heavy burdens on the people (compare Matthew 23:4, 2526, and Isaiah 22:2425, i.e., the vessels that hang from the peg and that give way). They repeat the sins of Shebna (compare Matthew 23:2728 and Isaiah 22:16, in carving out grand ornate sepulchers) and fail to operate the door of the kingdom justly (compare Matthew 23:13 to Isaiah 22:22, where Eliakim is given the authority to operate the doors). Thus, the failure of the House of Eliakim (Isaiah 22:23), as the burdensome load of the vessels gives way, is fulfilled typologically in Matthew 23:38a house left to you desolate.Why are sepulchers the common sin between Shebna and the Pharisees? I think we can see this in light of the name of Eliakim and the promise to Peter. Eliakims name is connected to resurrection, God will raise up, and Peter is promised that the gates of Hades will not prevail. In effect, the preparation of grand tombs symbolizes a victory of Hades over them. It is an act not merely of pompousness but also of faithlessness.Likewise, the Israelites in the first half of Isaiah 22 were engaging in feasting and revelry, which was an act of faithlessness. This is like preparing a grand tomb for oneself; it is a denial of salvation and resurrection. Haydock writes:Die. Thus the pagans encouraged themselves to feast. (Calmet) Ergo vivamus dum licet esse bene. (Petronius) This conduct betrayed an entire want of faith. (Calmet) Nothing offends God so much as contempt proceeding from despair. (St. Jerome)In other words, in Isaiah, we have a condemnation of the faithlessness of Israel for feasting before battle, as though death will have its victory. Shebna does something similar by celebrating death in his tomb. He loses the key to the kingdom over thatit goes to a new steward.Thus, we see that in Isaiah 22:2, 13, Israel is condemned for its revelry and feasting, and in Matthew 23:6, the Pharisees are at places of honor at banquets or feasts. The Pharisees likewise lose their seat of authority, as they make a similar display of the victory of death, and so the keys to the kingdomand to Hades itselfare handed to Peter. This also makes sense of Christs rebuke of Peter, who starts to think in human ways, believing that Christ needs to avoid death as if it will have victory over Him. Christ reminds him that He will be victorious over death!Nonetheless, just as Shebna was replaced by Eliakim (cf. Isaiah 22:1920), Christ promises, I am sending you prophets and sages and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify; others you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town (Matthew 23:34, compare to Matthew 16:24 where Jesus tells his disciplines that they will have to pick up their cross as well). Thus, just as Eliakim receives the key of the house of David, Peter receives the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:19). For, it is Peter, who, despite momentary weakness, is chosen to bear the keys of the Kingdom, a kingdom founded on the resurrection.